Ethical and Legal Implications of Medical Errors Essay

Ethical and Legal Implications of Medical Errors - Essay Example Codes of conduct at the place of work are fundamental observe. Moral values of caregivers hold it that instances of errors should be on the minimal possible. This further gives an insight into what healthcare providers consider being right or wrong. Hospital-Acquired Infections are crucial to account for. Hospitals and healthcare facilities are regarded as places where healthcare issues are addressed. As a result, Hospital Acquired Infections to some extent fails to constitute ethical occurrences. Nurses, doctors, and all medical professionals should come up with ways that alleviate or significantly minimize Hospital Acquired Infections.Rules of practice should be highly observed so that all stakeholders do not view Hospital Acquired Patients are entitled to quality and effectiveness healthcare. All responsible parties in that pursuit should ensure that the underlying rights and freedoms are observed. Failure to do so may highly attract lawsuits between the patients and the healthcar e providers. Medical errors affect different patients in different ways, and so are the legal processes that different patients will result in times of medical errors like Hospital Acquired Infections. The legal structure operates on proves, but not necessarily what the lawsuit parties individually know. For this reason, prove of conditions that exacerbate the occurrence of Hospital-Acquired Infections is highly likely to favor patients, thereby placing the healthcare sector and healthcare providers in jeopardy of service.

Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Assignment 6 - Essay Example It is mostly associated with research and development projects whereby, there are very many uncertainties and unknowns. This includes system development and analysis. CPM, however, is mostly used in tasks and projects that are repetitive in nature. Such tasks are normally known to have definite starts and complete dates. CPM is mostly applied in developing projects such as building construction and software development. The critical path is the shortest path identified in the critical path method, and that shows the minimum possible duration of a project. In the given assignment, there are three possible paths ABCCDG, ADG and ADG. The shortest path will be ADG while the critical time taken to complete the assignment will be 3days. This is the advantage of CPM since it enables the optimization of time. Here, slack can also be calculated; hence, preparation for any eventualities. The relationship between lectures and teachers can be put in form of ERDs. These entities (Teacher and students) can be interdependent or dependent in nature. There are three types of relationships between entities (Diagram 1). On Diagram 2 shows a typical example of the one to one entities. Diagram 3 however gives a perfect scenario of a many to many ERD. The learning the analysis tools and components has proven to be a very important and helpful process. This is because all this information will come in handy during the practical execution of the theoretical learning that I have been doing in the course work. System analysis deals with projects. Projects are normally broken down into simpler manageable chunks that make up the complete project. These chunks are given estimated timelines and periods under which they can be completed. Learning about the project management tools and analysis tools and components will ensure professional application in projects to achieve the maximum results. Some project

Consequences of Smoking

Consequences of Smoking For quite a long time, the utilization of tobacco has been acknowledged. Tobacco plants have been developed in the U.S. in seventeenth century and tobacco has been utilized as a part of different structures from that point forward. In 1865, an individual who is called Washington Duke in North Carolina has begun to move cigarette and exchange it for money. In 1883, a man named James Bonsack designed the machine that can roll the cigarette and production of thousand of cigarettes every day. In this way, as indicated by WHO, there are 20% of the worlds populace are utilizing tobacco. On the off chance that including the individuals who smoke inactively, that number can go up to half (A Complete Social History of Cigarettes). Smoking is destructive to wellbeing is the message which is imprinted on all tobacco items. The fact of the matter is everyone knows except very nearly of them disregards and has straightforward musings about the damage. Circumstance Every day, more than 3,200 individuals under 18 smoke their first cigarette, and roughly 2,100 young people and youthful grown-ups get to be day by day smokers. There are 9 of 10 smokers begin before the age of 18, and 98% begin smoking by age 26. 1 in 5 grown-ups and teens smoke. In 2011, an expected 19% of U.S. grown-ups were cigarette smoker. Roughly 18% of secondary school understudies smoke cigarettes. In 2011, almost 18% of secondary school young men were current cigarette clients. (Tobacco Facts and Figures, 2014). The world has around 1.3 billion individuals use cigarettes, of which the Asia-Pacific district has high rates of cigarette utilization. Asia has 3 out of 5 nations have high rates of cigarette utilization on the planet that is China, Japan and Indonesia. Cigarette utilization has had a tendency to expand, have a tendency to lessening in created nations however expanded in the creating nations. As indicated by appraisals from the review of smoking in grown-ups (from 16 years) in Vietnam (GATS 2010), the rate of smoking among men is 47.4%, in ladies is 1.4%, a sum of more than 15 million grown-ups right now smoke. Individuals on the planet start smoking cigarette on account of various reasons. They are presumably that individuals are focused on or they need to focus on their work or another smoke due to their relative and their companions. Issues Through examination shows tobacco utilization has noteworthy ramifications to the wellbeing, financial advancement, and also the quantity of other social effects. In term of wellbeing issues, cigarette utilization lessens the status of wellbeing, abbreviate lifetime, and reasons the quantity of ailments even sudden passing. As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking results in more than 480,000 unexpected losses in the United States every year—around 1 in every 5 U.S. passings and an extra 16 million individuals endure with a genuine sickness created by smoking.(Drug realities: Cigarettes and other Tobacco items, 2014). Reason of this result is that cigarettes contain more than 7,000 chemicals, 250 of which are unsafe to both smokers and uninvolved smokers. They are Arsenic, Benzene, Vinyl chloride, Formaldehyde, Toluene. Particularly, it additionally contains Nicotine which is the addictive synthetic. (2011) The body is canny. It goes on the safeguard response when it is being harmed. At the point when smokers utilize the cigarette shockingly, they feel hurt or blazing in the throat, lungs, another get debilitated or even they hurl the initial couple of times they attempt to smoke. Results of this hurting happen dynamically. Over the long term, smoking leads people to make wellbeing issues like coronary sickness, stroke, emphysema (breakdown of lung tissue), and various sorts of development — including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder infection. People who smoke similarly have an extended risk of defilements like bronchitis and pneumonia. These sicknesses limit a singulars ability to be routinely dynamic, and they can be deadly. In the United States, smoking is accountable for around 1 out of 5 perishes. Smokers dont simply make wrinkles and yellow teeth. They similarly lose bone thickness, which fabricates their risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes more settled people to wind up bent over and their bones to break more easily. Smokers furthermore tend to be less dynamic than nonsmokers in light of the way that smoking impacts lung power. Smoking can likewise cause readiness issues and can influence sexual wellbeing in both men and women. Young women who are on the pill or other hormone-based frameworks for hostile to origination medicine (like the patch or the ring) forms their risk of honest to goodness wellbeing issues, for instance, heart attacks, if they smoke. The consequence of smoking may give off an impression of being far away, however long term wellbeing issues arent the fundamental threat of smoking. Nicotine and substitute toxic substances in cigarettes, stogies, and channels can impact a singulars body quickly, which infers that teen smokers encounter a strong bit of a few issues. Since smoking can decrease the flood of veins, it can keep oxygen and supplements from getting to the skin — which is the reason smokers frequently appear to be pale and undesirable. Studies have furthermore joined with smoking to an extended threat of getting a kind of skin rash called psoriasis. Cigarettes leave smokers with a condition called halitosis, or persisting unpleasant breath. Studies exhibit that smokers get more colds, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia than nonsmokers. In addition people with certain wellbeing conditions, in the same path as asthma, get the chance to be more crippled in case they smoke (and routinely on the off chance th at theyre just around people who smoke). Since young people who smoke as a way to deal with supervise weight frequently light up rather than devouring, their bodies moreover neglect to offer the supplements they need to create, make, and fight off infection suitably. (Dowshen, 2013) Arrangements Cigarette reasons fluctuated unsafe to people. Subsequently, a few answers for forestalling individuals utilization in cigarettes are important to upgrade the standard of life. Firstly, the administration ought to recommend the smoking ranges, for example, medicinal offices, schools, work environment, indoor, indoor open spots and on open transport. The disallowance of smoking (open spots, work environments and on open transport) has put forward in the International Convention- Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (composing as the FCTC) by the WHO launch, and this tradition was for more than 174 nations sanction. Concerning the opportunity of smokers, they can smoke in the zone not managed or outside where their smoking demonstrations dont imperil the wellbeing of other individuals. The non-smoking individuals have the privilege to inhale natural air unpolluted by tobacco smoke inactively. Furthermore, procurements in the wellbeing notices with pictures on the bundling of tobacco items. The wellbeing cautioning printed photographs to guarantee the privileges of shoppers are mindful of the data about of the items they utilize, the results on the wellbeing dangers and addictive properties, muscle maladies, passings from the utilization of cigarettes. The WHO ponder in 2006 demonstrated the wellbeing cautioning printed photographs will cause stay away from around 300 to 700 unexpected losses every year in decades. Contingent upon studies on the expense productivity of the Institute of wellbeing approach technique indicated over, the wellbeing cautioning printed photographs in Vietnam would have the most minimal expenses in the measures for anticipation of the hurtful impacts of cigarettes. Around the world, the quantity of nations in notice the photographs is on the ascent. There are 42 nations have done. Nonetheless, this arrangement likewise has a deterrent. A few indiv iduals dont say about this notice. Finally, expanding tobacco assessment can be viewed as the ideal decision to put weight on tobacco items. This arrangement strengths smokers to give more cash to buy drugs. At the point when a lot of cash, the medication ought to lessen the measure of tobacco devoured all the while some would consider stopping. Additionally, smokers will feel in control of the smoke. In the meantime the tobacco organizations would be influenced contrarily prompts diminished creation of tobacco. In light of viewpoints, for example, the attainability, adequacy testing, human rights, monetary, expense expand measures are viewed as most suitable for a circuitous effect on the destructive impacts of tobacco to individuals. As far as money, expanding tobacco charges are viewed as a twofold hit the target. Tobacco expenses supplement a lot of cash in the state plan while diminishing offers of tobacco organizations will keep the development of these organizations. The measure of smoking for smokers will be moved to interest in instruction and wellbeing issues of relatives lead to enhancing personal satisfaction as a rule and other supportive administrations. This likewise adds to build vocation opportunities and enhance the economy of the nation. Proof is that tobacco charge income administration of Thailand more than 3 times from around 512 million US dollars in 1992 expanded to more than $ 1.7 billion in 2010. Wellbeing insurance agencies utilize the additional measure of cash that needs spending bill cure lung tumor, prompting lessened speculation to empower the economy. As per the World Bank, the normal expense increment to the cost of cigarettes expanded by 10%, the utilization will increment from 4% to 8%. Besides, individuals who quit implies that there are more than 5 individuals are not uninvolved smokers. The wellbeing of the group is secured in a reasonable manner. Proficiency expands exponentially making awesome point of interest the answer for raise charges. Conclusion In synopsis, cigarettes are bringing on a huge number of diseases. Halting smoking at any age and at whatever point is helpful. Ceasing smoking gives your body a chance to patch the damage brought on by smoking.

Critique Of The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari Essay examples -- essays resea

Critique Of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari was written by Hans Janowitz and Carl Mayer, and directed by Robert Weine. It was produced in 1919 by Erich Pommer for Decla-Bioscop. 1919 was a year in which the movie industry was transformed into a giant industry. Although the movie was produced in 1919, it was not released in the United States until 1921. A time when film makers were out to prove that film was indeed art. In the year 1921 525 films were released out of those 525, 50 still exist today, one of those 50 is The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. At the time of its release in America, horror films were virtually unheard of because filmakers felt that the subject matter was tasteless or even repulsive, not to mention di...

Juvenile delinquent Essay

In today’s society more and more juvenile delinquents are being charged as adults in the court systems. The youth are being condemned by a society that allows fear to control its decisions. In the film Juvies narrated by actor Mark Wahlberg, a former juvenile offender, the lives of a group of young kids who are sentenced for many years or life are told. Throughout the film the group explains why they did what they did and how they wished they could have done it differently. One of the kids, a fourteen year old by the name of Anait, was sentenced for seven years. She had driven a group of boys to a high school where they then fought and killed another boy. Anait was charged with accessory to murder because she was the one that was driving the car. Another kid by the name of Duc was sentenced for 35 years, at the age of 16. He had no prior record, wasn’t a gang member but he was affiliated with a gang. He had driven a car that took part in a shooting, and even though no o ne was injured he was still found guilty. I feel, as do many others, that our court system has become much too harsh when it comes to punishing the youth. There is a difference when being tough on crime and giving kids punishments that do not fit the crime. More and more of today’s youth are being sent to adult prisons where they cannot be protected. In a juvenile prison, kids are given second chances. There they learn to right their ways and are sent back out in society where hopefully they will become responsible adults. In adult prisons however, its survival of the fittest. There is no protection for those kids and no one to guide them on the right path. Statistics show that kids sentenced to adult prisons are more likely to end up back behind bars within five years of being released or committing suicide. The media plays a big part in condemning these children. The media has demonized them and the crimes that they commit. Court systems have started to charge more for what could have happened rather than what did happen. Duc is an example of this. He was charged for a crime that wasn’t committed but could have been. Children should not be tried as adults because they cannot think as adults do. Science shows that a person’s brain is not fully developed until their early twenties. The cortex is still developing and this is the part of the brain that controls emotions and impulse. This is why children are more likely to get hotheaded more easily than if they were adults. If a child is not taught how to control his/her emotions than when they become adults these emotions will become harder to manage. Charging young children as adults does more harm than good. Some people feel that if you are going to commit crimes of an adult than you should be charged as an adult. However, a child does not think like an adult nor do they know how to relieve their emotions is a healthy non destructive way. People like Gregory Boyle, Geoffrey Canada, and Aaron Kipnis want to help these kids rather than convict them for the rest of their lives. Children need guidance from responsible adults, especially men. Many boys end up in prison because they never had a dependable male role model in their lives. They don’t feel wanted or accepted, so they find it by other means. They look to gangs to feel like they belong somewhere. There are other approaches that do not involve scaring kids with the threat of prison or punishing them for years. One of these approaches is restorative justice. Offenders are forced to take responsibility for what they have done. Not only do they have to confront their issues but they also get help. Another approach is guiding boys on the pathway to becoming a man. These are just some ways in which to save these boys from destroying their lives. There are so many children, both boys and girls that need help. They need friends, family, love, hope, and trust. They need someone that they can look up to and have faith in. Someone who they know won’t hurt them or throw them to the side when they make mistakes. With both discipline and direction, children from bad backgrounds can grow up and live crime free lives.

Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper

Planning is when the financial manager identifies the steps that must be taken to accomplish the organization’s objectives. The purpose is to identify objectives and then to identify the steps required for accomplishing these objectives. Controlling is when the financial manager makes sure that each area of the organization is following the plans that have been established. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that plans are being followed.Organizing is when the financial manager decides how to use the resources of the organization to most effectively carry out the plans that have been established. Directing is when the manager works on a day-to-day basis to keep the results of the organizing running efficiently. The purpose is to ensure effective resource use and provide daily supervision. Decision making is when the financial manger makes choices among available alternatives. Decision making actually occurs parallel to planning, organizing, and controlling.All types of de cision making rely on information, and the primary tasks are analysis and evaluation. The purpose is to make informed choices (Baker and Baker, 2001). Summary of generally accepted accounting principles and general financial ethical standards Most healthcare organizations operate on the accrual accounting basis. With this type of accounting; revenue is recorded when it is earned-not when payment is received; and expenses are recorded when they are incurred-not when they are paid.Ethical decision making is required when the healthcare executive must balance the needs and interests of the individual, the organization and society. Those involved in the decision making process must consider ethical principles such as justice, autonomy, beneficence and fairness, as well as professional ethical standards and codes. Physicians, nurses, and other caregivers may primarily address ethical issues on a case-by-case basis. Healthcare executives also have a responsibility to address those issues at broader organization, community, and social levels ACHE, 2007). Examples from articles that reflect ethical standards of conduct and financial reporting practices. Explain significance of each example. In May 2004, Larry J. Tyler wrote in an article that financial managers need to keep their own personal finances in order. If a financial manager is living too close to the edge on his/her own finances or are in fear of losing their job, and then they are more likely to â€Å"bend† their convictions (Tyler, 2004).The importance of this example is so financial managers do not â€Å"fix† the books to make the organization look better than it actually is. If someone thinks that their job is on the line, they are more likely to do what others want them to do as well. In an article written by Joe Batte, a healthcare compliance specialist, he reported that state and federal agencies are increasing their efforts to eliminate fraud and abuse in healthcare.Batte defines fraud as: Knowingly and willfully executing or attempting to execute, a scheme or artifice to defraud any health care benefit program. Or to obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody of, or control of, any health care benefit program. Batte defines abuse as: Abuse is defined as receiving payment for items and service when there is no legal entitlement for that payment and the provider has not knowingly or intentionally misrepresented the facts to obtain payment.Abuse may, directly or indirectly, result in unnecessary costs to the Medicare or Medicaid programs for services which fail to meet recognized standards of care, or that are medically unnecessary. Whether it’s abuse or fraud, the fact that a provider can lose everything through being excluded from state and Federal health care program’s participation makes it imperative to run the providers company in a professional, comp liant, and business-like fashion. It is also wise to know what is currently being done by the agencies that oversee our health care systems (Batte, Joseph R. 2001). In the articles above, knowledge of what can happen to someone, or the organization as a whole, will deter managers of falsifying financial reports. Education is key to any position, whether healthcare or another. Knowledge of the consequences will help keep managers on the straightened arrow. Conclusion It is incumbent upon healthcare executives to lead in a manner that sets an ethical tone for their organizations. Education in ethics is an important step in healthcare’s executives’ life-long commitment to high ethical conduct, both personally and professionally.In today’s more aggressive enforcement environment it pays to have an active compliance program in effect, make sure that documentation is complete and legible, and don’t assume that the small or medium sized provider is not going to be reviewed on a regular basis. The medical industry is held to a higher standard of ethics and many of the overseeing agencies are now using their considerable arsenal to make sure that fraud and abuse reduction is on everyone’s front burner. Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Planning is when the financial manager identifies the steps that must be taken to accomplish the organization’s objectives. The purpose is to identify objectives and then to identify the steps required for accomplishing these objectives. Controlling is when the financial manager makes sure that each area of the organization is following the plans that have been established. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that plans are being followed.Organizing is when the financial manager decides how to use the resources of the organization to most effectively carry out the plans that have been established. Directing is when the manager works on a day-to-day basis to keep the results of the organizing running efficiently. The purpose is to ensure effective resource use and provide daily supervision. Decision making is when the financial manger makes choices among available alternatives. Decision making actually occurs parallel to planning, organizing, and controlling.All types of de cision making rely on information, and the primary tasks are analysis and evaluation. The purpose is to make informed choices (Baker and Baker, 2001). Summary of generally accepted accounting principles and general financial ethical standards Most healthcare organizations operate on the accrual accounting basis. With this type of accounting; revenue is recorded when it is earned-not when payment is received; and expenses are recorded when they are incurred-not when they are paid.Ethical decision making is required when the healthcare executive must balance the needs and interests of the individual, the organization and society. Those involved in the decision making process must consider ethical principles such as justice, autonomy, beneficence and fairness, as well as professional ethical standards and codes. Physicians, nurses, and other caregivers may primarily address ethical issues on a case-by-case basis. Healthcare executives also have a responsibility to address those issues at broader organization, community, and social levels ACHE, 2007). Examples from articles that reflect ethical standards of conduct and financial reporting practices. Explain significance of each example. In May 2004, Larry J. Tyler wrote in an article that financial managers need to keep their own personal finances in order. If a financial manager is living too close to the edge on his/her own finances or are in fear of losing their job, and then they are more likely to â€Å"bend† their convictions (Tyler, 2004).The importance of this example is so financial managers do not â€Å"fix† the books to make the organization look better than it actually is. If someone thinks that their job is on the line, they are more likely to do what others want them to do as well. In an article written by Joe Batte, a healthcare compliance specialist, he reported that state and federal agencies are increasing their efforts to eliminate fraud and abuse in healthcare.Batte defines fraud as: Knowingly and willfully executing or attempting to execute, a scheme or artifice to defraud any health care benefit program. Or to obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody of, or control of, any health care benefit program. Batte defines abuse as: Abuse is defined as receiving payment for items and service when there is no legal entitlement for that payment and the provider has not knowingly or intentionally misrepresented the facts to obtain payment.Abuse may, directly or indirectly, result in unnecessary costs to the Medicare or Medicaid programs for services which fail to meet recognized standards of care, or that are medically unnecessary. Whether it’s abuse or fraud, the fact that a provider can lose everything through being excluded from state and Federal health care program’s participation makes it imperative to run the providers company in a professional, comp liant, and business-like fashion. It is also wise to know what is currently being done by the agencies that oversee our health care systems (Batte, Joseph R. 2001). In the articles above, knowledge of what can happen to someone, or the organization as a whole, will deter managers of falsifying financial reports. Education is key to any position, whether healthcare or another. Knowledge of the consequences will help keep managers on the straightened arrow. Conclusion It is incumbent upon healthcare executives to lead in a manner that sets an ethical tone for their organizations. Education in ethics is an important step in healthcare’s executives’ life-long commitment to high ethical conduct, both personally and professionally.In today’s more aggressive enforcement environment it pays to have an active compliance program in effect, make sure that documentation is complete and legible, and don’t assume that the small or medium sized provider is not going to be reviewed on a regular basis. The medical industry is held to a higher standard of ethics and many of the overseeing agencies are now using their considerable arsenal to make sure that fraud and abuse reduction is on everyone’s front burner.